It is important not to confuse the roles undertaken by 'Court Criers', and 'Town Criers or Bellmen' and 'Bell Ringers'
For more information on Dorset Court Criers and a listing of who they were please follow this link to a separate account written by Richard Smith. 'Town Criers or Bellmen' are also relatively minor officials, but of the Corporation of Dorchester. The role of the 'Town Crier' or 'Bellman' can be traced back to at least medieval times. A great example of this can be seen on the Reading Museum's website where I have provided a link to Edward the Confessor's funeral procession depicted in the Bayeaux Tapestry. Edward died on 5th January 1066 and in this section of the tapestry his coffin is shown being carried to Westminster Abbey and underneath are depicted two 'Bellmen' carrying a bell in each hand and proclaiming to the general populace. It was the job of the 'Crier' or 'Bellman' to inform the townspeople of the latest news, proclamations, by-laws and other important information as most of the population were illiterate having had no formal education. The traditional call or cry of the town crier was "Oyez, oyez, oyez!" (pronounced ‘oh yay’) and comes from the French ouďr (‘to listen’) and means “Hear ye”. The town crier would begin his cry with these words, accompanied by the ringing of a large hand bell to attract attention as the sound of the bell carried much further than his voice. At the end of his message he would cry 'God save the King' or 'God save the Queen'. This was especially important to the Corporation after the Civil War as Dorchester had long been a centre of non-conformity in religion and they wished everybody to be reminded of the Towns Oath of Loyalty to King Charles II in 1681, signed by over 300 of the most important people in the town. Dorchester had long held a Charter from the King allowing it to legally form a Corporation, appoint officials such as the mayor, aldermen, and bailiffs and legally hold land and tenements on behalf of the Borough as well as issue and enforce bye laws on behalf of the King. The oldest surviving Charter is that issued by Edward VI dated 12th Nov 1547 followed by the Charters granted by James I on 26th June 1610 and Charles I on 22nd Sep 1629. During the period when the above mentioned charters were in operation David Underdown states that "There were three prisons in Dorchester, the County Gaol, the House of Correction, and the Blindhouse, next to St Peters churchyard which was the town lockup, the place to put drunks for the night. The House of Correction or Bridewell was a cross between a workhouse and a prison. It was where idle or immoral people were sent to be disciplined and reformed; vagrants, runaway apprentices and other masterless persons, unwed mothers and other sexual offenders. The recipe for correction was hard work (beating hemp or making sacking cloth) and a whipping." Church Bellringers: Each of the three churches in Dorchester (All Saints, Holy Trinity and St Peters) and St Georges church in Fordington, had their own bellringers drawn from members of the congregation to call the faithful to worship each week and to celebrate a variety of Religious occasions and events. They were generally unpaid, although because a full peel of the bells was used at weddings it became traditional for the brides family to pay for the church to be decorated and the bells to be rung. The Death Knell was also rung at funerals and in Dorchester and Fordington this generally formed part of the duties of the Church Sexton who in the mid 18th century was charging 1 shilling for digging the grave and 6d for tolling the bell. Out of respect for the dead he was paid by the Overseers of the Poor for those who died on poor relief out of the poor rate . David Underdown also refers to 'bell-ringing' (which is included in the index) and refers to the ringing of bells in Dorchester in Oct 1623 when Charles I returned to England without the Infanta, and Dorchester a particularly strong supporter of the Protestant faith, wished to celebrate the end of the attempts for him to marry her. The following extract on page 171 of his book 'Fire from Heaven' provides some useful background . "This was not the only time that bells were rung on public occasions. Most of the ringing was uncontroversial, a conventional expression of loyalty. There was ringing at the proclamation of King Charles I , at the birth of his son, the future Charles II, on 29 May 1630, and annually on 27th March the anniversary of the King's accession. Some of the other occasions for ringing had a more distinctly protestant flavour. There was always ringing on 5 November, a day that had special meaning to Puritans, whose hatred of Catholicism was even more profound than that of most of their compatriots. So had 17 November, Queen Elizabeth's accession day, when one could contrast what was remembered as her spiritedly anti-catholic foreign policy with the feebleness of her successors; nostalgia for Elizabeth was often a coded criticism of the Stuarts. Payments to ringers in Trinity parish are annually recorded on 5 November but those on the 17th begin only in the 1630's. just when the good old protestant way established in the Queen's days was threatened by Arminian innovations. During that decade Queen Elizabeth's day may have been celebrated with more enthusiasm than Charles I's accession day. One outburst of bellringing was even more explicitly political: the jubilant peals in October 1631 for the Victory of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden at Breitenfeld. ----"
1761 Sep 14 - For 'Ringing', The King's wedding day £0.8s. 0d (page 481 MRD) 1761 Sep 19 - 'Ringers' of the Three Parishes on the Birthday of Lord Ashley £1.0s.6d (MRD 482) 1761 Sep 22 - (Coronation Day) Included in other celebration costs for the Militia firing £2.2s.0d and music £2.2s.0d. 'The Ringers' £0.8s.0d 1762 May 5 - The 'Ringers' at the Court Leet 1762 July 3 - The 'Ringers' on P. Ferdinand success in Germany £0.5s.0d. 1762 Aug 14 - 'The Ringers' on the Birth of the Prince of Wales £0.5s.0d 1762 Oct 2 - 'The Ringers' on taking the Havana £0.7s.6d 1767 Apr 8 - 'The Ringers' at the Mayor's Feast £0 5s.0d 1775 Oct 24 - Richard LOCKETT for ringing the eight o'clock Bell from Lady Day, 1773 to Lady Day 1775 £4. 0s. 0d (This entry does not occur previously) 1779 Mar 20 - 'The Ringers, on the news of Pondicherry being taken. £0. 5s. 0d 1780 Jun 19 - To 'The Ringers', on taking Charles Town £0. 5s. 0d 1789 Mar 19 - Ringing on illuminating for the Kings Recovery £0. 5s. 0d 1794 Jun 4 - The Ringers, on the news of Earl Howe's Victory over the French Fleet - £0.5s.0d 1794 - - The Ringers on the King coming to Weymouth (17th Aug) - £0. 5s. 0d 1798 - - The Ringers on Account of Lord Nelson's Victory and on two other days of rejoicing - £0. 15s. 0d 1801-4? - Ringers on Proclamation of Peace £0. 10s. 6d Richard SMITH has been researching 'Town Criers' or ''Bellmen' for some time now and is responsible for the creation of this document having located the vast majority of the information given in the chronological listing below for which I am grateful. There is however little factual information that has survived of these activities in the public domain. The purpose of this listing is to provide somewhere to record what we do know, and somewhere that we can add or update as new information comes to light. Michael Russell OPC for Dorchester and Fordington (Aug 2024)06 Aug 1658 :- BELLMAN (Source : Page 469 of Municipal Records) 1658.Aug 6. "Yet is this daye agreed one that a bellman be appointed to walke the towne at night, from 12 of the clock vntill 5 in the morninge, in sommer time : and from 12 of the clock of night vntil 6 in the morninge during the winter time. . . . . . . And whereas there are six watches every night, they be reduced to Five watchmen, besides the belman; and that the belman be ordered how to manage his walkinge" C15 1689 :- (Source : Page 407 of Municipal Records)
In 1689 Parliament declared that James I had abdicated his kingdom, and on 11th April 'William and Mary' were crowned as joint King and Queen of England by the Bishop of London. This was quickly followed by the Toleration Act which guaranteed religious toleration and received Royal Assent on 24th May 1689. This was of particular relevance to Dorchester which had long been a hot bed of Non-Conformity. In December 1689 one of the most important constitutional documents in English history, the Bill of Rights, was passed. This is perhaps another good example of some of the things that would have been proclaimed that year. The Beadle was a minor official of the Corporation with disciplinary duties and the Dictionary of Genealogy by Terrick VH FitzHugh (Revised 1988) confirms that 'In some parishes it was another term for Constable or a law court messenger'. In my experience Beadles predominated in the larger towns like Dorchester where constables were elected and paid for by each parish (All Saints, Holy Trinity and St Peters) and he was the intermediary between them and the Corporation particularly on things like changes in the bye laws and security. I think this entry suggests that in Dorchester he may also have been in charge of proclaiming Corporation decisions to the populace, initially through Town Criers or Bellmen who would also warn if church bells were to be rung. The warning was important as unannounced ringing of church bells was generally only used in emergencies to quickly draw everybody together. By the 19th Century the Town Crier was not a full-time job. Henry Samuel MILLS for example was a shoemaker & fishmonger by trade, John Lovelace a Carpenter & Beer Seller, James and Randolph Vincent shoemakers. 1855 - Thomas MILLS - Town Crier in 1855
1875 - Henry Samuel MILLS (1818-1900) Town Crier in 1875 Henry Samuel MILLS was baptised at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester on 25th Oct 1818 the son of James & Ann MILLS a Cordwainer by trade. He married three times:- 1875 - John LOVELACE (1813-1885) Town Crier From 1875-1885
(1) Sydney Lovelace (1836-aft 1851) bap St Peters Dorchester 14th Sep 1836; Census Jun 1841 aged 5; C1851 age 14 Carpenters Apprentice; (2) Ellen Mary Lovelace (1839-1900) bap St Peters 21st Apr 1839; Census 1841 aged 2; C1851 age 12; C1861 with parents age 24 Dressmaker; C1871 with parents age 28? a mantle maker; buried at the Civic Cemetery Dorchester unmarried aged 57 on 17th April 1900 (3) John James Lovelace (1841-aft 1851) bap St Peters 30th May 1841; C1851 age 9 ] 1885 - [Blandford & Wimborne Telegram Friday 7th Aug 1885 "Town Crier & Beadle" Several applications for this office were received but the vacancy not having been advertised they were not considered. It was decided to advertise.] 1886 - James VINCENT (1846-1910) Town Crier From 1886- June 1910
1910 - Randolph VINCENT (1887-1958) Town Crier From June 1910-1913 Randolph VINCENT a shoemaker by trade was the 14th child of John VINCENT (above) and took over as Town Crier when his father died in June 1910. This is confirmed by a newspaper article in the Dorset County Chronicle dated Thursday 4th Aug 1910 (page 9) when he won the annual swimming race as a member of the Dorchester Swimming Club. This was described as the 'Length of Poundbury's a distance of 572 yards when he beat 9 other contenders and was described as "R. Vincent familiarly known as the Town Crier. Link to more information about his life. The 1911 Census also confirms his occupation as being employed by the town council as Town Crier and even the Bastardy order issued on 25th Oct 1913 and his subsequent default on 26th Dec 1913 show this to still be his occupation. By 29th May 1914 he is being referred to as 'lately town crier' suggesting his default and court case had probably lost him the roll of town crier. Quarter Session records however are only available up to 1905. 1915 - William HELLIER (1860 - 1923) Town Crier From 1914- aft 1915
1920 - Harry PAYNE (1867 - 1950) Town Crier from bef. 1920 - aft 1931
In addition to his duties as 'Public Walks Keeper' we know he was Town Crier for over a decade from Street Directories for Dorchester. Harry PAYNE died at Dukes Ave at the age of 84 being buried at St Georges Church in Fordington on 15th May 1950. [Sources:- Kelly's Directory Dorsetshire, available to view Ancestry.com for members, Years: 1920 Image 98 Page 90 ; 1927 Image 102 Page 93; 1931 Image 135 Page 88]
Picture Dorset Echo 1981
The Dorset Evening Echo of 28th January 1984 reported that Bob had just returned from six weeks in Ontario, Canada, staying mainly with his son Brian who worked for the Disney Corporation. He was there to help judge the appointment of a Town Crier at Tottenham, a suburb of Toronto - at that time Bob lived at Yetminster. The Dorset Evening Echo of 25th October 1985 reported that the day before returning from the World Town Crier Championships at Nova Scotia, Canada, Bob had collapsed suffering from a thrombosis in his leg, resulting in a two week stay in hospital. A doctor had to be flown from the UK to then accompany him home. flying first class, and Bob was now recuperating. Bob died on 20th January 1991 leaving his wife Olive and two sons.
Extract from Dorset Echo on his retirement as town crier published 27th Dec 2023 by Alfie Lamb : Born in what is now Kingston-Upon-Thames in 1945, Alistair said that he inherited his booming voice from his mother, who was a singer. He went to Belfast University in the 1960s to study geography, and after that he then went on to become a tour guide, which is where his love for history blossomed. “I was neither born in countryside nor city, I worked for a while as a tour guide in London before moving to Dorset,” he said. He was nominated for international awards for crying and was named the best crier in the nation on 11 separate occasions - the joint highest in history. (follow link to Dorset Echo for full article) He was elected Mayor of Dorchester in 2023. Link to Bio Marshwood Vale Magazine Apr 2010.
By the 1891 Census Ellen says her age is 66? (actually 60) and has moved back to live at Millers Close in West Fordington and George aged 31 unmarried gives his occupation as that of a Bill Poster. Although living in West Fordington Miller's Close is situated just above the Royal Horse Artillery Barracks at the end of Dorchester's High Street so he was a Bill Poster for Dorchester and seems to have taken over the role from William HAILS above. Life was obviously hard as his mother died in July 1895, and by 1901 he was in the Union Workhouse listed as a general labourer still unmarried and he died in March 1905 being buried at the Civic Cemetery in Weymouth Avenue (grave 1847). 1895 George LAWTON (1855-1912) Bill Poster From 1895-1911
Genealogical Notes :- (1) Fire From Heaven by David Underdown page 7 |